Pressure-gage for engine-cylinders.



A. H. SMITH. PRESSURE GAGE F03 ENGINE CYLINDERS.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. Il. l9l5. 1,230,527. iPatentedJun@19,1917.

UNITED sininsiniiini onirica, g

Mos n. SMITH, or NEW Yonir, N. Y.

. specificati To an @v /omai may concern.'

Be it "kn'own that I', AMos H. SMITH, a citizen of the United States, residing at the borough of Bronx, in the city of New York, countyofrBronx, and vStateofNevv York, have invented certain new and useful Iniprovements in PressureGages for Engine Cylinders, of Awhich the following is a specilication, reference being hadv therein to the accompanying drawings, which form a part thereof, 'y ,Iy invention relates to prese1 `re gages for engine cylinders' and more petticuiirlyito a ruige" to be carried in the tool chest of an filtlomobile; ^jTherehas heretofore been devised a gage` by-meansof which internal combustion en ginecylindersmay betested to determine their compression, which gage was adapted solely for this use and was so finely adjusted *as to accurately determine the pressure vvithin `any 'cylinder during the compression. stroke of the piston. A" gageinade in' accordance with my invetion is designed iimaiily for use by the driver o-an autom@ ilefor determining, not the yexact''eifeotive' compression Within the cylinder-,V .but the 'approximate degree of `compressi on and an substantial variance in the "compressionf-'within different cylinders 'of an engine.` The that` it maybe appied `to a cylinder by means of4 la fitting,y coperating with the spark plug opening and be held in position so that' the' u sei" may turn the engine over 'by hand,""tlie gage itself being of that oo nstructi'on ordinarily used in determining. tire pressures, wherein, ,when the maximum ressure has been registered', 'the indicator is set? in a xedfposition so that thepressuremay "be: d etei'r'iiing edV by a] subsequent reading of the gage. The fittinglbzymmeans of. which the attachment-.pf

v the ,gagef to the cylinder 1s secured-fissiconstructed that if desiied the gage proper maybe `removed` therefromand be usedas an. ordinary tire pressure gage, the -device thus combining in one article-both .a c vlinderpressure gage and' a tire pressureigage. In addition to the char, acteristics abovereferred to, I preferablf' soconstruct a, gage ,made in 'accordance wit my invention 4that it may be usedfor testing an engine cylinder to determine the condi i712 p tion of the piston rings and-the ,maximum 55 pressure or compression `which maybe de-` age I isfso ,constructed 'in the accompanying: drawings, a indicates 4 interchangeable with rarissime-GAGE Fon ENGINE-CYLINnEns.

ratenteaeune 19, 19171 vApplication nled December 11, 1915. Serial No. 86,247.

veloped `in `a cylinder, the structurev oi the device as used in. deter# mining the pressure developed Within ,the Cy piston. A device made 1n accordance with my invention is simple in its design, ,may be -i'eadily applied to,v and removed from, an engine cylinder and may be inexpensively produced whilebeing sulicientlyaccurate inits measurements of .the pressures to isfactory for ordinary tests. einvention consists in such novel-fea'-k tures of construction and combination of parts as'arefhereinaft'er set forth and described and more articularly pointed out in the ciainis hereto appended.

Referring to the dravvings- Figure l 'is a view of with a pressure gage made -in accordance with myeinvention applied thereto; l

Fig. 2- is an elevation of the gage upon a larger-scale;

Fig. 3 is a simil fitting in vertical section proper broken away toward the bottom thereof; and

g the plug without" modifying i linder upon the compressionstroke ofthe an engine cylinder" `Figsl is a similar view of afinodiiied i of the invention.

Like letters refer to like `parts through 4i4 out the `several views.

one'fcylinder of an internal combustion en`` plug yopening b vis a ecured in said spark plug fitting c,

ed to be used in connection with the t lfitting-cl will Vbe provided 'with tachment, such as the ordina `y bushings-orf quick detachable connections, if desired.. Said. plug c 'may be'` made ofV ordinary standard of cylinders, .and is `so constructed asy lug c Vhas a passage extending axially per end of said 'assa a diameter su cient y The p therethrough', the u preferably being o 4small to limit the application of pressure `Within an engine cylindero 'a' restricted pressure receiving surface or area 'of theA4 gage. 'In .the fern-1 of theinvention shovv'riv e5; In the enibodiinentof my invention shown i' nipple a detailed axial. ope-ning c within said in Figs. 1 to 3, the plug or fitting o is shown as emg composed of two parts, an outer shell having a hole of large diameter toward the top thereof and a hole of small diameter toward the Abottom thereof, a parti.- tion d having a. hollow nipple e being secured within said shellwithn driving or other lit so as to form a tight joint about Said partition. In this forni of the in vention the openingr c extends through the lower portion ofthe shell and through said partition and said nipple, the portion thereof extending through said 'partition and said nipple being of smaller diameter than the portion in the shell. This construction, however, is a mere structural detail. The nip le (l in this form of the invention .is pre erably provided with exterior screw threads and extends to '.a point slightly above the top of the shell of the plug c. ln the form of the invention shown in Fig. 4 the passage o is shown as being of a uniform diameter throughout. The top of the e is faced. ofi' to form a packing ring adapted to contact with the elastic packing of. the gage proper, this nipple being provided y nary ush waere, or an ordinar gagepro'- vided Iiivith cserew threaded soliket, Mounted in the fitting c in communication witlrth'e interior 'of the cytlinder a, through the opening c is an ordiii ry push .tire pressure gage, having a fixed shell f,

and a movable or sliding member gj rovided with graduations thereon adapte fto be moved when pressure is applied the etc, and to remain in any position irrespective of subsequent reductions of'pressure. iT o gage shown is old description thereof will not therefore be entered into, excepting to l(tint out that the shell fof this type of g. ge has a bottom opening f therein, and a p'aefking f2 adaptedto contact with the nippl While I prefer to use the ni ple e as the fitting for use with ractically all types of tire pressure gages, any other means may, if desired. be used t secure the desired tight packing between the plug fitting and the gage. proper, such -as is shown in the modification shown in Fig. 4.

Tn the preferred form of the invention the shell f is provided with a laterally extending flange f adapted to be engaged bv the overhang It upon a h, the screw threads screw threads Aon the above the partition d. I

Carried b v the plug c is a laterally extending nipple v7 communicating with the plug. By means et this nipple, the pressure with in the cylinder may be raised by means of a .pump or pressure tank. This nipple is-provided with an ordinary check valve j so that when adapting of which coperate with portion of the plug c prlmarily to permit the use of an ordi- Whe type and well kno .vnyand .1n a. manner to develop cylinder actuating the `gage. If desired Anormal and this screw threaded bushing.

cation of the pressure to the gage proper, L

ispense with said nipple and provide an elastic z' about the upper end ot.' the opening o and I also dispense with the overhang 71. on the bushing It. In this form of th:` invention the lower edge of said bushing It engages the flange f3 and forces it tightly against the packing ring 7c with the end. of the opening c in direct alinement with the opening f in the shell f.

The operation of the herein described device is substantially as follows hen it is desired to test the compression of any cylinder, the spark ug is removed therefrom andthe spark plug opening b inthe same manner that a spark plug is app ied thereto. If a. push tire pressure gagefbeyused, this age is placed with the opening f'alined with Athe opening c through the plug c, and the bushing L is slipped over the gage tightened up so as to secure a tight joint about said opening c. his manner 01E attaching the entire gage to the cylinder insures the proper positioning (if parts and that' remaining in position witjliout further at ntion. Ifl-agage havinglr a screw socket is used, this screw socket is applied to the' nipple e in a. manner to secure the desired tight joint. The engine is'then started preferably by hand so as to reciprocate the pistons in4 t-he cylinder to which the fitting c is attached the normal pressure 1n said c vlinder, the

gage in a manner to cause the movable member g to slide upon the shell f and come to rest in position so provimatelv the pressure applied to the operation repeated two or more times to determine whether or not I there is any variance in the pressure upon succeeding 'compression strokes of the piston of that cylinder. B v repeating this operation with the different cylinders.' the relative compression of determined.

ln the modification shown in Fig. 4, the operation is the same as above described with the exception that instead of packing against the face of the proper contaetsdirectly against the ring c. .l prefer to use the form of the invention shown `in Figs. l to because in this form of the invention the plug fitting c is adapted packing pressure within the said cylinders may be nipple e, the gage fitting c jmounted in the 'that the graduations thereon indleate apthe gage may be restored `to y able member i be cut olf, 'or disco' pump and subsequent reading of the V of the invention.

the spark plug for use Withany type of tire and one object of the invention to provide 'for automobile use a gage wl'iich may be used both rin determining the tire pressllres and in testing the engine' cylinders.

i When it is de ,iedtodetermine the elliciency of the pilton rii'lgs, the spark plug is removedfand the plug e substituted therefor, in the manner above referred to and the fittin r c is com'lected by means of thenip ple i Vith a pump or other means for developing the required pressure. Pressure 1s then developed in the cylinder and vas they pressure inthe cylinder increases the movg ofthe tire pressure gage-will indiczitte this i crease of pressure until the .maxiniun'l desired test pressure has been applied to the cylinder. Then the pump or other pressure developing means may either .nected from theA nipple z', the'valve j in said nipple holding this pressure., If there be any subsequent leakage about the piston rings, this may be determined by applying pressure to the movable member g of the gage proper.

It Will. be observed that by the mechanism herein described, I secure in a single instrument a com ression gage and piston ring test gage 'and a tire gage, the gage fbeing capable of being removed ting c so as .to permit its use upon a tire in the ordinarymanner.

The details of construction of the gage used. is immaterial, it beingA merely necessary that; the gage should autonmtically set under maximum pressure in order to permit the convenient actuation of the engine or gagen In other Words, with a ga made in accordance with my invention, it is not necessary to take the reading of the pressures While the engine is in motion.

It is not my intention to limit the invention to the precisa details of construction shown in the accompanying drawings, it being euclmrentil .that such .may be varied without departing from the spirit and scope Having described the invent-ion what I claim as new and desireV to have protected by Letters Patent is 1. A pressure gage for engine cylinders comprising a plug adapted .to be secured yin or other opening of an `intrnal combustion engine cylinder, said plug having an opening extending axially there- Athrough, a chamber at the top thereof, a comprising a vfired member .pressure gage adapted to enter said chamber and amovablemember responsive to the pressure gases passingthrough the opening in said plug, said fixed memberhaving thereon a laterally projecting` Hangs, coperating means carried by Vsaid fixed gage member and said plug whereby a suitable packing is from the it- `i'ormed to limit the applicati-on of pressures through said opening to the movable mem- Y bei" oi! said gage, and a bushing: adapted to opcratiyely engage the liange upon said lined member to force and hold said gage member .inthe operative relation to said packing means, said plugand said bushing being provided with cooperating means whereby said gage member is detachably connected by means of said bushing with said plug. f y

2. A pressure gage forengine cylinders comprising a plug adapted to be secured in the spark plug or other opening of an internal combustion engine cylinder, apartition in said plug wl'iereby a chamberis formed at the top thereof,

said. partition being provided with a screw threaded `nipple having tition and said nipple, and a pressure gage provided with means whereby it may be dcto form a packing ringpan f tachably mounted with relation 'to saidV nipple.

3. A` pressure gage for engine cylinders comprising' a plug adapted to be secured in the spark plug or other opening of an internal combustion Yengine cylinder, said plug having an opening extending axially therethrough, a pressure gage,coperating'means carried by said pressure gage and said plug whereby a suitable packing is formed to limit the application of pressures through said opening to said gage, and a nipple coinmin'iicating with the opening in said plug below the point of communication Withn said gage whereby gas may be forced into the cylinder through said nipple and the pressure developed Within the cylinder indicated by said gage. l I

4:. A pressure gage for engine cylinders col'nprising a plug adapted -to be secured in the spark plug opening of an internal combustion engine cylinder,l said plug having an opening extending axially therethrough, a vpressure gage, coperating'means carried by said pressure gage and said'pld Whereby a suitable packing is formed to y imit the application of pressl'lre through said opening to said gage, a.. nipple communicating with the opening in said plug below the point of communication with said gage and a check valve in said opening whereby gas may be forced into `the "cylinder through said nipple and the pressure developed Within the cylinder indicated by said gage.

5. A pressure gage for engine cylinders ,comprising a plug adapted to be secured in the spark plug or other opening of an internal Acombustion engine cylinder, said plug having an opening extending axially therethrough, a pressure gage detachably mounted in said plug, coperating means carried by'said pressure gage and said plug Whereis formed to limit the by a suitable packing through,

application of pressures through said openmg to said gage, anda nipple communicating with. the opening in said plug below the point of communicationwith said gage whereby gas may be forced into the cylinder through' said nipple and the pressure developed within the cylinder indicated by said gage.

6. A pressure gage for engine cylinders comprising a plug adapted to be secured in the spark plug or other opening of an internal combustion engine cylinder, said plug having an opening extending axially therea pressuregage comprisinga fixed member and a movable member responsive to the pressure of gases passing through the openings in said plug, cooperating means carried by said fixed plug whereby a suitable packing is formed .within the cylinder indicated gage member and said to limit the applicationv of pressures through said opening to the movable member of said gage, means whereby said xed gage member is detachably secured with relation to said plug, and a nipple' communicating with the opening in said plug below the point of communication with said gage, whereby gas may be forced into the cylinderl through said nipple and the pressure vdeveloped by said gage.

In Witness whereof I have hereunto affixed my signature in the presence to two subscribing witnesses, this 7th day of December, 1915.

AMOS H. SMITH.

Witnesses:

F. T. WEN'rwoR'rH, CLARICE FRANCK. 

